We describe 2 human cases of infection with a new Neisseria species (putatively N. brasiliensis), 1 of which involved bacteremia. Genomic analyses found that both isolates were distinct strains of the same species, were closely related to N. iguanae, and contained a capsule synthesis operon similar to N. meningitidis.
Keywords: Brazil; Neisseria brasiliensis; Neisseria meningititidis; Neisseria species; bacteria; capsular switching; meningococcal capsule; surveillance; whole genome sequencing.