Abstract
Purpose of review:
Recent developments in immunotherapy have transformed the landscape of melanoma therapy. Here, we review markers for response to immunotherapy.
Recent findings:
Current immunotherapies disable immune checkpoints on T cells and other immune cells and allow immune rejection of tumor. This process depends crucially on a preexisting response to the development of the melanoma. Here we describe the complexity of the anti-tumor immune response and the links to the development of markers that are currently used or under investigation in the clinic. We describe immune response biomarkers along with new developments that could translate into advances.
Keywords:
Circulating tumor DNA; Exhausted T cells (Tex); Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Memory T cells (Tmem); Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1); Programmed death-1 (PD-1); Tumor microenvironment (TME); Tumor mutation burden.
MeSH terms
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Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects
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Antineoplastic Agents / immunology
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
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B7-H1 Antigen / biosynthesis
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B7-H1 Antigen / immunology
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Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis*
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Biomarkers, Tumor / blood
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CTLA-4 Antigen / antagonists & inhibitors
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome / drug effects
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome / immunology
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Humans
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors* / adverse effects
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors* / immunology
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors* / therapeutic use
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Immunotherapy / methods
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Melanoma / genetics
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Melanoma / immunology*
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Melanoma / therapy*
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Prognosis
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / antagonists & inhibitors
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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Tumor Escape / drug effects
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Tumor Escape / immunology
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Tumor Microenvironment / immunology
Substances
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Antineoplastic Agents
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B7-H1 Antigen
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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CD274 protein, human
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CTLA-4 Antigen
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor