Current physician attitudes and behavior concerning elevated blood cholesterol, recent changes, and reasons for change were measured in a survey of physicians in two cities. Those in a community with both continuing medical and public education programs reported changing their practice significantly over the past two years, more so than those in a comparison community. The physicians did not identify specific elements of a continuing medical education program as important in these differences. Physicians in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, identified requests from the public as important and statistically significant factors in their changed behavior, suggesting that the public education program has become an important influence on physician behavior.