Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis in the era of minimally invasive cardiac surgery and transcatheter approach: an editorial

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
• ² Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
• ³ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, S.G. Sukhanov Federal Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russia.