HLA genotypes and cold medicine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe ocular complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 29;10(1):10589. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67610-5.

Abstract

Serious cutaneous adverse drug reactions [i.e., SJS/TEN with severe ocular complications (SOC)] associated with cold medicine (CM) were reported in several studies. To assess the risks of CM-induced SJS/TEN with SOC, systematic review and meta-analysis were employed. Studies investigating associations between HLA genotypes and CM-induced SJS/TEN with SOC were systematically searched in PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. Overall odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model to determine these associations. An initial search of the databases identified 24,011 articles, of which 6 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total from all studies, associations between 81 different HLA genotypes and CM-induced SJS/TEN with SOC (i.e., 22 different HLA-A genotypes, 40 different HLA-B genotypes and 19 different HLA-C genotypes) were investigated. Risk factors to develop SJS/TEN with SOC in patients who used CM were identified from our meta-analysis. HLA-A*0206 (OR = 3.90; 95% CI = 1.96-7.77), HLA-A*3303 (OR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.31-3.97), HLA-B*4403 (OR = 3.27; 95% CI = 1.52-7.03) and HLA-C*0501 (OR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.19-5.44) were associated with CM-induced SJS/TEN with SOC. With our results demonstrating a significant association between using of CMs and the severe ADR, a genetic testing can be helpful. However, the CMs are commonly used as an over-the-counter drug in practically almost of people in populations worldwide, the genetic screening prior to use of the CMs might not be cost-effective. Nonetheless, for people with a family history of developing the ADRs with a possible involvement of CMs, a genetic screening may be beneficial.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Eye / drug effects
  • Female
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Genotype
  • HLA Antigens / genetics*
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / genetics
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Multi-Ingredient Cold, Flu, and Allergy Medications / adverse effects*
  • Ocular Physiological Phenomena / drug effects
  • Odds Ratio
  • Risk Factors
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / etiology
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / genetics*
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / immunology

Substances

  • HLA Antigens
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
  • Multi-Ingredient Cold, Flu, and Allergy Medications