Prevalence of Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants in Malaria-Endemic Areas of South Central Timor, Eastern Indonesia

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Aug;103(2):760-766. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0780. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Abstract

Primaquine is an effective anti-hypnozoite drug for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. However, it can trigger erythrocyte hemolysis in people with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. In a previous report from South Central Timor (SCT), Indonesia, we described the prevalence of Vanua Lava, Chatham, and Viangchan variants; in this study, other G6PD variants (Kaiping, Coimbra, Gaohe, Canton, and Mahidol) were subsequently analyzed. For clarity, all of these results are described together. The 381 DNA samples from the previous study during 2013-2014 were analyzed for G6PD variants by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in SCT was 6.3% (24/381 cases), including 4.2% (16/381 cases), 0.5% (2/381 cases), and 1.6% (6/381 cases) for Coimbra, Kaiping, and Vanua Lava variants, respectively. No other variants were found in this population. A significant association was found between ethnicity and the distribution of G6PD Kaiping in female subjects. A positive association was shown between G6PD activity and heterozygous females carrying Coimbra genotype, hemizygous males carrying Vanua Lava, Plasmodium falciparum infection in female subjects, and P. vivax infection in male subjects. Further molecular analysis of heterozygous females, particularly in malaria-endemic areas, is needed for mapping distribution of G6PD deficiency status in Indonesia.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anemia, Hemolytic / chemically induced*
  • Anemia, Hemolytic / genetics
  • Antimalarials / adverse effects*
  • Child
  • Endemic Diseases
  • Female
  • Genetic Variation
  • Genotype
  • Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / genetics*
  • Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency / epidemiology
  • Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Indonesia / epidemiology
  • Malaria, Falciparum / drug therapy*
  • Malaria, Vivax / drug therapy*
  • Male
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
  • Primaquine / adverse effects*
  • Sex Factors

Substances

  • Antimalarials
  • Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase
  • Primaquine