Clinical features and outcomes of the flail arm and flail leg and pure lower motor neuron MND variants: a multicentre Italian study

Affiliations

• ¹ Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
• ² 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Turin Center, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
• ³ Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
• ⁴ NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Serena Onlus Foundation, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy.
• ⁵ Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, ALS Center, Maugeri Clinical Research Institutes IRCCS Milano, Milano, Italy.
• ⁶ Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milano, Italy.
• ⁷ Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation 'Dino Ferrari' Center, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
• ⁸ AOU San Martino-IST, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.
• ⁹ Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscolar Center, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
• ¹⁰ Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences; MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Italy.
• ¹¹ NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Serena Onlus Foundation-Pol. A. Gemelli Foundation, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Department of Geriatrics Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Roma, Italy.
• ¹² Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
• ¹³ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
• ¹⁴ Department of Neuroscience, S. Agostino-Estense Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
• ¹⁵ Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Unit of Genomics for human disease diagnosis, Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
• ¹⁶ Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
• ¹⁷ Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy.
• ¹⁸ Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
• ¹⁹ Neurorehabilitation Unit/ALS Center, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Mistretta, Italy.
• ²⁰ Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome Campus, Roma, Italy.
• ²¹ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Messina, Italy.
• ²² Department of Neuroscience, S. Agostino-Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.
• ²³ Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy filippi.massimo@hsr.it riva.nilo@hsr.it.
• ²⁴ Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.