Perspectives and advancements in the design of nanomaterials for targeted cancer theranostics

Yoke Ying Tan; Pui Khee Yap; Griselda Loo Xin Lim; Meenu Mehta; Yinghan Chan; Sin Wi Ng; Deepak N Kapoor; Poonam Negi; Krishnan Anand; Sachin Kumar Singh; Niraj Kumar Jha; Lay Cheng Lim; Thiagarajan Madheswaran; Saurabh Satija; Gaurav Gupta; Kamal Dua; Dinesh Kumar Chellappan

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109221

Perspectives and advancements in the design of nanomaterials for targeted cancer theranostics

Chem Biol Interact. 2020 Sep 25:329:109221. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109221. Epub 2020 Aug 6.

Authors

Yoke Ying Tan¹, Pui Khee Yap¹, Griselda Loo Xin Lim¹, Meenu Mehta², Yinghan Chan³, Sin Wi Ng³, Deepak N Kapoor⁴, Poonam Negi⁴, Krishnan Anand⁵, Sachin Kumar Singh⁶, Niraj Kumar Jha⁷, Lay Cheng Lim⁸, Thiagarajan Madheswaran⁹, Saurabh Satija¹⁰, Gaurav Gupta¹¹, Kamal Dua¹², Dinesh Kumar Chellappan¹³

Affiliations

¹ School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
² Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
³ School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁴ School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India.
⁵ Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
⁶ School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
⁷ Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No.32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.
⁸ Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁹ Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
¹⁰ Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
¹¹ School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura Mahal Road, 302017, Jaipur, India.
¹² Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. Electronic address: Kamal.Dua@uts.edu.au.
¹³ Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: dinesh_kumar@imu.edu.my.

PMID: 32768398
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109221

Abstract

Cancer continues to be one of the most challenging diseases to be treated and is one of the leading causes of deaths around the globe. Cancers account for 13% of all deaths each year, with cancer-related mortality expected to rise to 13.1 million by the year 2030. Although, we now have a large library of chemotherapeutic agents, the problem of non-selectivity remains the biggest drawback, as these substances are toxic not only to cancerous cells, but also to other healthy cells in the body. The limitations with chemotherapy and radiation have led to the discovery and development of novel strategies for safe and effective treatment strategies to manage the menace of cancer. Researchers have long justified and have shed light on the emergence of nanotechnology as a potential area for cancer therapy and diagnostics, whereby, nanomaterials are used primarily as nanocarriers or as delivery agents for anticancer drugs due to their tumor targeting properties. Furthermore, nanocarriers loaded with chemotherapeutic agents also overcome biological barriers such as renal and hepatic clearances, thus improving therapeutic efficacy with lowered morbidity. Theranostics, which is the combination of rationally designed nanomaterials with cancer-targeting moieties, along with protective polymers and imaging agents has become one of the core keywords in cancer research. In this review, we have highlighted the potential of various nanomaterials for their application in cancer therapy and imaging, including their current state and clinical prospects. Theranostics has successfully paved a path to a new era of drug design and development, in which nanomaterials and imaging contribute to a large variety of cancer therapies and provide a promising future in the effective management of various cancers. However, in order to meet the therapeutic needs, theranostic nanomaterials must be designed in such a way, that take into account the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of the drug for the development of effective carcinogenic therapy.

Keywords: Cancer therapy; Drug delivery; Nanomaterials; Nanomedicine; Nanotechnology; Theranostics.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
Drug Carriers / chemistry
Drug Design
Humans
Nanostructures / chemistry*
Neoplasms / drug therapy*
Neoplasms / pathology
Theranostic Nanomedicine*
Tumor Microenvironment

Substances

Antineoplastic Agents
Drug Carriers