Inter-limb strength asymmetry in adolescent distance runners: Test-retest reliability and relationships with performance and running economy

J Sports Sci. 2021 Feb;39(3):312-321. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1820183. Epub 2020 Sep 13.

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was, firstly, to quantify the test-retest reliability of strength measures in adolescent distance runners; and secondly, to explore the relationships between inter-limb strength asymmetry and performance and running economy (RE) in a similar cohort of young runners. For the reliability study, twelve (n = 6 female) post-pubertal adolescent distance runners performed an isometric quarter-squat on a dual force plate and unilateral isometric hip extension and hip abduction tests on two occasions. For the correlation study, participants (n = 31) performed the strength tests plus a submaximal incremental running assessment and a maximal running test. Running economy was expressed as the average energy cost of running for all speeds below lactate turnpoint and was scaled for body mass using a previously calculated power exponent. Allometrically scaled peak force during the quarter-squat and peak torque in the hip strength tasks showed acceptable levels of reproducibility (typical error ≤6.3%). Relationships between strength asymmetry and performance and RE were low or negligible (r < 0.47, p > 0.05), except for hip abduction strength asymmetry and RE in the female participants (r = 0.85, p < 0.001, n = 16). Practitioners should consider inter-limb hip abduction strength asymmetry on an individual level, and attempting to reduce this asymmetry in females may positively impact RE.

Keywords: Symmetry; between-limb difference; endurance running; imbalance.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Body Mass Index
  • Competitive Behavior / physiology
  • Energy Metabolism
  • Exercise Test
  • Female
  • Functional Laterality*
  • Hip / physiology
  • Humans
  • Isometric Contraction
  • Lactic Acid / blood
  • Lower Extremity / physiology*
  • Male
  • Muscle Strength*
  • Physical Endurance / physiology*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Running / physiology*

Substances

  • Lactic Acid