A disordered encounter complex is central to the yeast Abp1p SH3 domain binding pathway

PLoS Comput Biol. 2020 Sep 14;16(9):e1007815. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007815. eCollection 2020 Sep.

Abstract

Protein-protein interactions are involved in a wide range of cellular processes. These interactions often involve intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and protein binding domains. However, the details of IDP binding pathways are hard to characterize using experimental approaches, which can rarely capture intermediate states present at low populations. SH3 domains are common protein interaction domains that typically bind proline-rich disordered segments and are involved in cell signaling, regulation, and assembly. We hypothesized, given the flexibility of SH3 binding peptides, that their binding pathways include multiple steps important for function. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to characterize the steps of binding between the yeast Abp1p SH3 domain (AbpSH3) and a proline-rich IDP, ArkA. Before binding, the N-terminal segment 1 of ArkA is pre-structured and adopts a polyproline II helix, while segment 2 of ArkA (C-terminal) adopts a 310 helix, but is far less structured than segment 1. As segment 2 interacts with AbpSH3, it becomes more structured, but retains flexibility even in the fully engaged state. Binding simulations reveal that ArkA enters a flexible encounter complex before forming the fully engaged bound complex. In the encounter complex, transient nonspecific hydrophobic and long-range electrostatic contacts form between ArkA and the binding surface of SH3. The encounter complex ensemble includes conformations with segment 1 in both the forward and reverse orientation, suggesting that segment 2 may play a role in stabilizing the correct binding orientation. While the encounter complex forms quickly, the slow step of binding is the transition from the disordered encounter ensemble to the fully engaged state. In this transition, ArkA makes specific contacts with AbpSH3 and buries more hydrophobic surface. Simulating the binding between ApbSH3 and ArkA provides insight into the role of encounter complex intermediates and nonnative hydrophobic interactions for other SH3 domains and IDPs in general.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Intrinsically Disordered Proteins* / chemistry
  • Intrinsically Disordered Proteins* / genetics
  • Intrinsically Disordered Proteins* / metabolism
  • Microfilament Proteins* / chemistry
  • Microfilament Proteins* / genetics
  • Microfilament Proteins* / metabolism
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins* / chemistry
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins* / genetics
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins* / metabolism
  • src Homology Domains* / genetics
  • src Homology Domains* / physiology

Substances

  • ABP1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
  • Microfilament Proteins
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

Grants and funding

This work was supported by National Science Foundation (https://www.nsf.gov/) award MCB-1852677 to KAB. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE, https://www.xsede.org/), which is supported by National Science Foundation (https://www.nsf.gov/) grant number ACI-1548562 (allocations TG-MCB170005 and TG-MCB170086). Support was provided by Skidmore College (https://www.skidmore.edu/) to KAB and by the Schupf Scholar Program (https://www.skidmore.edu/fdc/schupf/schupf-scholar-program.php) to GJG and RC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.