Association of DRD2 gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia in the young Bangladeshi population: A pilot study

Md Saddam Hussain; Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui; Susmita Mondal; Md Shalahuddin Millat; Sadiatul Marzan; Md Giash Uddin; Md Abdul Aziz; Md Faruq Alam; Mohammad Safiqul Islam

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05125

Association of DRD2 gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia in the young Bangladeshi population: A pilot study

Heliyon. 2020 Oct 1;6(10):e05125. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05125. eCollection 2020 Oct.

Authors

Md Saddam Hussain¹, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui¹, Susmita Mondal¹, Md Shalahuddin Millat¹, Sadiatul Marzan², Md Giash Uddin^{1

3}, Md Abdul Aziz¹, Md Faruq Alam⁴, Mohammad Safiqul Islam¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
² Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Child, Adolescent and Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.

Abstract

Purpose: DRD2 gene is considered one of the most important candidate genes for the schizophrenia (SCZ) development due to its role in dopamine signaling and no genetic association study has been conducted yet on the Bangladeshi SCZ patients. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of DRD2 genetic polymorphisms (rs4648317, rs4936270, and rs7131056) with SCZ in the Bangladeshi population.

Patients and methods: This case-control study consisted of 101 SCZ patients and 101 controls. Genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

Results: The average ages were 22.15 and 22.09 years in patients and controls, respectively (p > 0.05). CT genotype of rs4936270 showed a significantly higher risk for the development of SCZ compared to CC genotype (OR = 2.0, p = 0.023), whereas no association was found for TT genotype. For the dominant model and T allele, rs4936270 showed a higher risk for the development of SCZ (OR = 2.01, p = 0.020; OR = 1.76, p = 0.021, respectively), while the recessive model had no association with SCZ. A statistically significant (OR = 2.70, p = 0.036) higher risk was found for the AA genotype, but no association was found for GA genotype of rs4648317 SNP compared to GG genotype. In case of dominant and recessive models, rs4648317 showed no association with SCZ. 'A' allele of rs4648317 SNP was found to be significantly associated with the elevated risk of SCZ (OR = 1.50, p = 0.044). No association with SCZ of rs7131056 SNP was found for AC, CC genotypes, dominant, recessive, and allele models. Furthermore, from the haplotyping analysis, we found that CAA and TAA haplotypes of rs4936270, rs7131056 and rs4648317 SNPs are associated with SCZ (χ2 = 8.26, p = 0.004; χ2 = 5.31, p = 0.021, respectively). After Bonferroni correction, the association of SCZ did not withstand with any genotype, allele and haplotype (p < 0.017) except CAA haplotype.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that DRD2 gene polymorphisms may be associated with the susceptibility of SCZ in the young Bangladeshi population.

Keywords: Cancer research; Clinical psychology; Dominant model; Genetics; Haplotypes; Molecular biology; Neurology; Neuropsychiatric disorder; Neuroscience; Oncology; Pharmacology; Psychiatry; Recessive model; Schizophrenia; Single nucleotide polymorphism.