Carbohydrate Supplementation and the Influence of Breakfast on Fuel Use in Hypoxia

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021 Apr 1;53(4):785-795. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002536.

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of carbohydrate supplementation on substrate oxidation during exercise in hypoxia after preexercise breakfast consumption and omission.

Methods: Eleven men walked in normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 ~11.7%) for 90 min at 50% of hypoxic V˙O2max. Participants were supplemented with a carbohydrate beverage (1.2 g·min-1 glucose) and a placebo beverage (both enriched with U-13C6 D-glucose) after breakfast consumption and after omission. Indirect calorimetry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry were used to calculate carbohydrate (exogenous and endogenous [muscle and liver]) and fat oxidation.

Results: In the first 60 min of exercise, there was no significant change in relative substrate oxidation in the carbohydrate compared with placebo trial after breakfast consumption or omission (both P = 0.99). In the last 30 min of exercise, increased relative carbohydrate oxidation occurred in the carbohydrate compared with placebo trial after breakfast omission (44.0 ± 8.8 vs 28.0 ± 12.3, P < 0.01) but not consumption (51.7 ± 12.3 vs 44.2 ± 10.4, P = 0.38). In the same period, a reduction in relative liver (but not muscle) glucose oxidation was observed in the carbohydrate compared with placebo trials after breakfast consumption (liver, 7.7% ± 1.6% vs 14.8% ± 2.3%, P < 0.01; muscle, 25.4% ± 9.4% vs 29.4% ± 11.1%, P = 0.99) and omission (liver, 3.8% ± 0.8% vs 8.7% ± 2.8%, P < 0.01; muscle, 19.4% ± 7.5% vs 19.2% ± 12.2%, P = 0.99). No significant difference in relative exogenous carbohydrate oxidation was observed between breakfast consumption and omission trials (P = 0.14).

Conclusion: In acute normobaric hypoxia, carbohydrate supplementation increased relative carbohydrate oxidation during exercise (>60 min) after breakfast omission, but not consumption.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Breakfast / physiology*
  • Breath Tests
  • Calorimetry, Indirect
  • Dietary Carbohydrates / administration & dosage
  • Dietary Carbohydrates / metabolism*
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Energy Metabolism / physiology
  • Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / blood
  • Glycogen / metabolism
  • Heart Rate
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia / blood
  • Hypoxia / metabolism
  • Hypoxia / physiopathology*
  • Lactic Acid / blood
  • Lipid Metabolism / physiology*
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Male
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Placebos / metabolism
  • Time Factors
  • Walking / physiology*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Dietary Carbohydrates
  • Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  • Placebos
  • Lactic Acid
  • Glycogen