Reassessing the role of surgery in the elderly or chronically sick with proximal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Surgery. 2021 Feb;169(2):233-239. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.09.011. Epub 2020 Oct 18.

Abstract

Background: Most data on postoperative outcomes among patients with proximal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are reported by single institutions. The purpose of this study was to analyze postoperative outcomes stratified by age and comorbidities.

Methods: Patients with proximal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who underwent a resection were identified in the National Cancer Database. Pathologic, postoperative, and survival outcomes were compared based on age and Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index.

Results: Among the 1,579 patients, the average age was 66 years, and 9.4% of patients were older than 80 years. Most patients had a Charlson-Deyo score of 0 (72.4%), with the minority having scores of 1 (20.5%) or ≥2 (7.1%). Patients ≥80 years had a higher 90-day mortality rate compared with patients 65 to 79 and <65 years (21.3% vs 12.0% vs 7.4%, P < .001). Patients with a Charlson-Deyo score ≥2 had longer duration of stay, greater likelihood of requiring an unplanned readmission, and a higher 90-day mortality rate compared with patients with a lower comorbidity index. Median survival of patients <65, 65 to 79, and ≥80 years was 31, 24, and 17 months, respectively. A similar trend was seen with increasing Charlson-Deyo score (0: 27 months, 1: 25 months, ≥2: 20 months). On multivariable analysis, age ≥80 years (hazard ratio = 1.52, P = .01) and Charlson-Deyo score ≥2 (hazard ratio = 1.45, P = .01) were associated with poor survival.

Conclusion: In patients with proximal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, age ≥80 years and greater comorbidity index are associated with increased risk of 90-day mortality and poor overall survival. This suggests that resections in high-risk patient populations should be approached with caution.

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Bile Duct Neoplasms / mortality
  • Bile Duct Neoplasms / pathology
  • Bile Duct Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Chronic Disease / epidemiology
  • Comorbidity
  • Female
  • Hepatectomy / adverse effects*
  • Hepatic Duct, Common / pathology
  • Hepatic Duct, Common / surgery*
  • Hospital Mortality
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Klatskin Tumor / mortality
  • Klatskin Tumor / pathology
  • Klatskin Tumor / surgery*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Readmission
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology*
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors