Three-Year Findings of the HORIZON Trial: A Schlemm Canal Microstent for Pressure Reduction in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Cataract

Abstract

Purpose: To report 3-year outcomes of the HORIZON study comparing cataract surgery (CS) with Hydrus Microstent (Ivantis, Inc) implantation versus CS alone.

Design: Multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Participants: Five hundred fifty-six eyes from 556 patients with cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treated with 1 or more glaucoma medication, washed out diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22 to 34 mmHg, and no prior incisional glaucoma surgery.

Methods: After phacoemulsification, eyes were randomized 2:1 to receive a Hydrus Microstent or no stent. Follow-up included comprehensive eye examinations through 3 years.

Main outcome measures: Outcome measures included IOP, medical therapy, reoperation rates, visual acuity, adverse events, and changes in corneal endothelial cell counts.

Results: Three hundred sixty-nine eyes were randomized to microstent treatment and 187 to CS only. Preoperative IOP, medication use, washed-out diurnal IOP, and glaucoma severity did not differ between the two treatment groups. At 3 years, IOP was 16.7 ± 3.1 mmHg in the microstent group and 17.0 ± 3.4 mmHg in the CS group (P = 0.85). The number of glaucoma medications was 0.4 ± 0.8 in the microstent group and 0.8 ± 1.0 in the CS group (P < 0.001), and 73% of microstent group eyes were medication free compared with 48% in the CS group (P < 0.001). The microstent group included a higher proportion of eyes with IOP of 18 mmHg or less without medications compared with the CS group (56.2% vs. 34.6%; P < 0.001), as well as IOP reduction of at least 20%, 30%, or 40% compared with CS alone. The cumulative probability of incisional glaucoma surgery was lower in the microstent group (0.6% vs. 3.9%; hazard ratio, 0.156; 95% confidence interval, 0.031-0.773; P = 0.020). No difference was found in postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss between groups. No procedure- or device-related serious adverse events resulting in vision loss occurred in either group.

Conclusions: Combined CS and microstent placement for mild to moderate POAG is safe, more effective in lowering IOP with fewer medications, and less likely to result in further incisional glaucoma filtration surgery than CS alone at 3 years.

Keywords: Cataract; Glaucoma; MIGS; Phacoemulsification; Schlemm microstent.