A Developmental Profile of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in China Using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales

Hong-Hua Li; Cheng-Xin Wang; Jun-Yan Feng; Bing Wang; Chun-Li Li; Fei-Yong Jia

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570923

A Developmental Profile of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in China Using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales

Front Psychol. 2020 Nov 9:11:570923. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570923. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Hong-Hua Li¹, Cheng-Xin Wang¹, Jun-Yan Feng¹, Bing Wang¹, Chun-Li Li¹, Fei-Yong Jia^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
² Pediatric Research Institute, Changchun, China.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to profile the mental development of children aged 18 to 96 months with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the Chinese version of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS), and to explore the relationships between developmental levels and ASD severity, the sex of the child and the age of ASD diagnosis. Children with ASD (n = 398; 337 boys, 61 girls) were recruited and ASD severity evaluated using the Autism Behavior Checklist and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, while the GMDS was used to evaluate the children's mental development. Study participants were divided into groups according to GMDS general and subscale quotients, ASD severity, sex, and age. The majority of groups divided according to the GMDS quotients exhibited an unbalanced distribution in respect of the six domains of the GMDS and there were significant differences within the six subscale quotients. Autism severity, sex and age had significant effects on the overall level of development of autistic children. The quotients recorded for the children with more severe ASD were significantly lower than those for the children with less severe ASD. A markedly higher proportion of developmental delay was recorded for girls than boys in relation to the performance subscale. The locomotor quotient decreased in line with age at diagnosis, while autism severity and age had significant effects on the general and subscale quotients and sex had a significant effect on performance quotient. Children with ASD exhibit an uneven cognitive development profile, and their overall developmental levels are affected by autism severity, sex and age. Specific cognitive domains differ according to sex in children with ASD. Locomotor skills tend to decrease according to the age at diagnosis for autistic children aged 18 to 84 months. Autism severity and age are also associated with the level of functioning in different cognitive areas. These findings contribute to define the cognitive developmental profiles of children with ASD.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; children; developmental assessment; griffiths mental development scales; mental development.