1 Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. zhuliu@tsinghua.edu.cn.
2 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
3 Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
4 Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
5 Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, 3232Croul Hall, Irvine, CA, USA.
6 Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
7 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
8 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
9 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
10 Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
11 Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
12 School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
13 School of Mathematical School, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
14 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
15 Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System, Wuhan, China.
16 Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 13, Kunming, China.
17 Economic Research Centre of Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
18 Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France.
19 Université Paris Dauphine, Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75016, Paris, France.
20 Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
21 Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
22 Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
23 Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong University, Weihai, China.
24 School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
25 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
26 State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
27 Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology of Ministry of Education, College of Ecology and the Environment, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
28 Energy and Resources Group and Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
29 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany.