Background and objectives: Congenital hypo-thyroidism is a cause of intellectual and developmental disabilities in the newborn. Early screening and prompt treatment can prevent the devastating outcomes of congenital hypothyroidism. The disease burden of congenital hypothyroidism in Nigeria is higher than in many parts of the world. Using ultrasound, the authors sought to determine the normal mean thyroid gland volume in newborns and establish the thyroid gland volume as a predictor of thyroid hormone function in the newborn.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Healthy newborns had their length and weight measured, thyroid ultrasound scan performed, and a blood sample taken for thyroid-stimulating hormone values.
Results: The mean total thyroid volume was 0.51cm3 ± 0.25. The thyroid volume of the right lobe (mean volume= 0.27cm3 ± 0.13) was significantly larger than the volume of the left lobe (mean volume =0.24cm3 ± 0.12) (p<0.001). The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values ranged from 1.36µIU/ml to 35.03µIU/ml with a mean value of 7.73µIU/ml ± 7.04. There was no significant correlation between the thyroid volumes and the TSH of the newborns.
Conclusion: This study determined the mean thyroid volume in newborns. There was no significant correlation between the thyroid volumes and the TSH values of the newborns implying that the thyroid gland volume is not a reliable predictor of thyroid hormone function. Newborn, Ultrasound.