A Comparative Review of Metal-Based Charge Carriers in Nonaqueous Flow Batteries

Travis C Palmer; Andrew Beamer; Tristan Pitt; Ivan A Popov; Claudina X Cammack; Harry D Pratt 3rd; Travis M Anderson; Enrique R Batista; Ping Yang; Benjamin L Davis

doi:10.1002/cssc.202002354

A Comparative Review of Metal-Based Charge Carriers in Nonaqueous Flow Batteries

ChemSusChem. 2021 Mar 5;14(5):1214-1228. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202002354. Epub 2020 Dec 30.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA.
² T-1: Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA.
³ Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0614, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
⁴ T-CNLS: Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA.

PMID: 33305517
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002354

Abstract

Energy storage is becoming the chief barrier to the utilization of more renewable energy sources on the grid. With independent service operators aiming to acquire gigawatts in the next 10-20 years, there is a large need to develop a suite of new storage technologies. Redox flow batteries (RFB) may be part of the solution if certain key barriers are overcome. This Review focuses on a particular kind of RFB based on nonaqueous media that promises to meet the challenge through higher voltages than the organic and aqueous variants. This class of RFB is divided into three groups: molecular, macromolecular, and redox-targeted systems. The growing field of theoretical modeling is also reviewed and discussed.

Keywords: metal-based; nonaqueous; redox flow; redox-mediated; theoretical modeling.

Publication types

Review

Abstract

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