Keywords: AHA Scientific Statements; anticoagulation therapy; aortic regurgitation; aortic stenosis; bicuspid aortic valve; cardiac surgery; guidelines; infective endocarditis; mitral regurgitation; mitral stenosis; mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair; prosthetic valve; pulmonic regurgitation; pulmonic stenosis; transcatheter aortic valve replacement or implantation; tricuspid regurgitation; tricuspid stenosis; valvular heart disease.