The Ability to Look: Management of Breast Disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Using Smart Ultrasound Technology

J Am Coll Surg. 2021 Apr;232(4):636-640. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.12.008. Epub 2020 Dec 19.

Abstract

Background: The vast majority of women with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa present with advanced stage disease, due primarily to the lack of opportunities for early detection and treatment. As part of a larger effort to increase access to diagnostic and therapeutic services for women's cancers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), we implemented a curriculum to train the local workforce and a program to build the supportive infrastructure for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer at a private sector health facility (Biamba Marie Mutombo Hospital) in Kinshasa.

Study design: After onsite trainings in the DRC by a US breast surgeon (RT), Congolese surgeons, general physicians, physician assistants, and nurses used the Phillips Lumify smart-phone ultrasound device to perform and interpret the results of whole breast ultrasound on symptomatic women. Surgeons were trained to perform ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy on those who met the criteria for tissue diagnosis, after which they trained nurses to do the same.

Results: Over 3 years, 5,211 patients were identified as having a breast abnormality on clinical breast examination. Ultrasound abnormalities were noted in 1,493 (27%) patients, of which 632 (42%) met the criteria for ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy or fine needle aspiration. Pathology reports were available on 368 (58%) patients who underwent biopsy, of which 164 were malignant and 204 benign.

Conclusions: We demonstrated how the "ability to look" using smart technology can be successfully used to augment clinical breast exam and triage patients for biopsy in a resource-constrained African setting.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biopsy, Fine-Needle / economics
  • Biopsy, Fine-Needle / instrumentation
  • Biopsy, Fine-Needle / methods
  • Biopsy, Large-Core Needle / economics
  • Biopsy, Large-Core Needle / instrumentation
  • Biopsy, Large-Core Needle / methods
  • Breast / diagnostic imaging
  • Breast / pathology
  • Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Breast Neoplasms / economics
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Early Detection of Cancer / economics
  • Early Detection of Cancer / instrumentation*
  • Early Detection of Cancer / methods
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / instrumentation*
  • Image-Guided Biopsy / economics
  • Image-Guided Biopsy / instrumentation
  • Image-Guided Biopsy / methods
  • Mass Screening / economics
  • Mass Screening / instrumentation*
  • Mass Screening / methods
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Smartphone / economics
  • Ultrasonography, Interventional / economics
  • Ultrasonography, Interventional / instrumentation
  • Ultrasonography, Interventional / methods
  • Ultrasonography, Mammary / economics
  • Ultrasonography, Mammary / instrumentation*
  • Ultrasonography, Mammary / methods