Review of clinical and molecular variability in autosomal recessive cutis laxa 2A

Am J Med Genet A. 2021 Mar;185(3):955-965. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62047. Epub 2020 Dec 27.

Abstract

ATP6V0A2-related cutis laxa, also known as autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2A (ARCL2A), is a subtype of hereditary cutis laxa originally characterized by skin, skeletal, and neurological involvement, and a combined defect of N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation. The associated clinical spectrum subsequently expanded to a less severe phenotype dominated by cutaneous involvement. At the moment, ARCL2A was described in a few case reports and series only. An Italian adult woman ARCL2A with a phenotype restricted to skin and the two novel c.3G>C and c.1101dup ATP6V0A2 variants has been reported. A systematic literature review allowed us to identify 69 additional individuals from 64 families. Available data were scrutinized in order to describe the clinical and molecular variability of ARCL2A. About 78.3% of known variants were predicted null alleles, while 11 were missense and 2 affected noncanonical splice sites. Age at ascertainment appeared as the unique phenotypic discriminator with earlier age more commonly associated with facial dysmorphism (p .02), high/cleft palate (p .005), intellectual disability/global developmental delay (p .013), and seizures (p .024). No specific genotype-phenotype correlations were identified. This work confirmed the existence of an attenuated phenotype associated with ATP6V0A2 biallelic variants and offers an updated critique to the clinical and molecular variability of ARCL2A.

Keywords: ARCL2A; ATP6V0A2; cutis laxa; genotype-phenotype correlations; mutation repertoire.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Alleles
  • Base Sequence
  • Codon, Nonsense
  • Cutis Laxa / diagnosis
  • Cutis Laxa / genetics*
  • Exons / genetics
  • Female
  • Frameshift Mutation
  • Genes, Recessive
  • Genetic Association Studies
  • Genetic Heterogeneity
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Humans
  • Life Expectancy
  • Loss of Function Mutation
  • Mutation, Missense
  • Pedigree
  • Phenotype
  • Proton-Translocating ATPases / deficiency
  • Proton-Translocating ATPases / genetics*
  • RNA Splice Sites / genetics
  • Skin / pathology

Substances

  • ATP6V0A2 protein, human
  • Codon, Nonsense
  • RNA Splice Sites
  • Proton-Translocating ATPases

Supplementary concepts

  • Cutis Laxa, Autosomal Recessive, Type IIA