2 Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
3 Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
4 Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
5 Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
6 Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
7 Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Gortega1@bwh.harvard.edu.