Alternate method for endocardial pacemaker lead implantation: A hybrid mini-thoracotomy approach

Abstract

Although the conventional methods for endo-cardial pacemaker lead implantation via subclavian or cephalic or axillary vein routes is common, but sometimes due to anatomical variations it is not feasible to access these veins Emergence of newer techniques are useful for lead implantation. This case report focuses on a hybrid approach of combined mini-thoracotomy for endocardial pacemaker lead implantation. This fluoroscopy guided minimal thoracotomy approach with endocardial MRI compatible lead placement had the benefits of simple procedural, minimal hospital stay, low early complication rates and economically viable to the patient.

Keywords: CRT; Endocardial lead; Epicardial lead; Hybrid technique; Inside out method; Leadless pacemaker/MICRA; Mini-thoracotomy; Transvenous route.