1 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology- Immunotherapy (I3), F-75005, Paris, France; Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3) Laboratory, INSERM UMR-S 959, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; Biotherapy Unit (CIC-BTi), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75013 Paris, France.
2 INSERM U1153, Team ECSTRRA, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; AP-HP Hôpital Saint Louis, Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
3 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
4 Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
5 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
6 Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Université de Caen-Normandie Caen, France.
7 Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
8 Service de médecine interne, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard (APHP), Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, Paris, France.
9 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology- Immunotherapy (I3), F-75005, Paris, France; Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3) Laboratory, INSERM UMR-S 959, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; Biotherapy Unit (CIC-BTi), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: david.saadoun@aphp.fr.