We diagnosed tuberculosis in an illegally wild-captured pet ring-tailed lemur manifesting lethargy, anorexia, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate belonged to lineage 3 and harbored streptomycin resistance. We recommend reverse zoonosis prevention and determination of whether lemurs are able to maintain M. tuberculosis infection.
Keywords: Madagascar; TB; anthropozoonotic; antimicrobial resistance; bacteria; illegal; lemur; lineage 3; lymph; pet; tuberculosis and other mycobacteria; wildlife; zoonoses.