Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism and Mortality in Patients with Initial Presentation of COVID-19

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2021 May;51(4):897-901. doi: 10.1007/s11239-021-02413-7. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has emerged as an important issue in patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence of VTE and mortality in COVID-19 patients initially presenting to a large health system. Our retrospective study included adult patients (excluding patients presenting with obstetric/gynecologic conditions) across a multihospital health system in the New York Metropolitan Region from March 1-April 27, 2020. VTE and mortality rates within 8 h of assessment were described. In 10,871 adults with COVID-19, 118 patients (1.09%) were diagnosed with symptomatic VTE (101 pulmonary embolism, 17 deep vein thrombosis events) and 28 patients (0.26%) died during initial assessment. Among these 146 patients, 64.4% were males, 56.8% were 60 years or older, 15.1% had a BMI > 35, and 11.6% were admitted to the intensive care unit. Comorbidities included hypertension (46.6%), diabetes (24.7%), hyperlipidemia (14.4%), chronic lung disease (12.3%), coronary artery disease (11.0%), and prior VTE (7.5%). Key medications included corticosteroids (22.6%), statins (21.2%), antiplatelets (20.6%), and anticoagulants (20.6%). Highest D-Dimer was greater than six times the upper limit of normal in 51.4%. Statin and antiplatelet use were associated with decreased VTE or mortality (each p < 0.01). In COVID-19 patients who initially presented to a large multihospital health system, the overall symptomatic VTE and mortality rate was over 1.0%. Statin and antiplatelet use were associated with decreased VTE or mortality. The potential benefits of antithrombotics in high risk COVID-19 patients during the pre-hospitalization period deserves study.

Keywords: COVID-19; Outpatient; Thrombosis; Venous thromboembolism.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19 / complications*
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / physiopathology
  • COVID-19 / therapy
  • Female
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / analysis
  • Humans
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Incidence
  • Intensive Care Units / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mortality
  • New York / epidemiology
  • Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Protective Factors
  • Pulmonary Embolism* / blood
  • Pulmonary Embolism* / diagnosis
  • Pulmonary Embolism* / etiology
  • Pulmonary Embolism* / mortality
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification
  • Venous Thrombosis* / blood
  • Venous Thrombosis* / diagnosis
  • Venous Thrombosis* / etiology
  • Venous Thrombosis* / mortality

Substances

  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
  • fibrin fragment D