Liver Inflammation and Hepatobiliary Cancers

Valentina Leone; Adnan Ali; Achim Weber; Darjus Felix Tschaharganeh; Mathias Heikenwalder

doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2021.01.012

Liver Inflammation and Hepatobiliary Cancers

Trends Cancer. 2021 Jul;7(7):606-623. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.01.012. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Authors

Valentina Leone¹, Adnan Ali², Achim Weber³, Darjus Felix Tschaharganeh⁴, Mathias Heikenwalder⁵

Affiliations

¹ Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
² Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
³ Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
⁴ Helmholtz-University Group Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
⁵ Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: m.heikenwaelder@dkfz-heidelberg.de.

PMID: 33674229
DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.01.012

Abstract

Immune regulation has an important role in cancer development, particularly in organs with continuous exposure to environmental pathogens, such as the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Chronic liver inflammation can lead to the development of hepatobiliary cancers, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), or combined HCC (cHCC)-CCA. In this review, we discuss the link between oxidative stress and the hepatic immune compartments, as well as how these factors trigger hepatocyte damage, proliferation, and eventually cancer initiation and its sustainment. We further give an overview of new anticancer therapies based on immunomodulation.

Keywords: HCC; cHCC-CCA; iCCA; inflammation; oxidative stress.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / pharmacology
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use
Apoptosis / immunology
Bile Duct Neoplasms / immunology*
Bile Duct Neoplasms / mortality
Bile Duct Neoplasms / pathology
Bile Duct Neoplasms / therapy
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / immunology
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / pathology
Cancer Vaccines / therapeutic use
Carcinogenesis / drug effects
Carcinogenesis / immunology*
Clinical Trials as Topic
Hepatitis, Chronic / complications*
Hepatitis, Chronic / immunology
Hepatitis, Chronic / pathology
Hepatocytes / pathology
Humans
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / pharmacology
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / therapeutic use
Immunity, Innate
Immunotherapy / methods
Liver / immunology
Liver / pathology
Liver Neoplasms / immunology*
Liver Neoplasms / mortality
Liver Neoplasms / pathology
Liver Neoplasms / therapy
Necroptosis / immunology
Oxidative Stress / immunology
Progression-Free Survival
Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism

Substances

Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
Cancer Vaccines
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Reactive Oxygen Species