Pre and Post-Operative Alterations of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome Following Bariatric Surgery

Abstract

Obesity in the United States is increasing at a startling rate, with more individuals turning towards bariatric surgery as treatment. A noteworthy aspect of obesity pathology is its interplay with the gastrointestinal microbiome. The gastrointestinal microbiome comprising trillions of microorganisms affects the dynamics of digestion, energy expenditure, and neurologic mechanisms that affect dietary preference. This literature review used PubMed to search for articles about obesity, gastrointestinal microbiome, and bariatric surgery. The researchers used Medical Subject Heading keywords, and then the relevant literature was selected and filtered using inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study aims to review the temporal relationship of gastrointestinal microbiome changes after bariatric surgery in association with the success and failure of treatment along with the factors that may have altered the gastrointestinal microbiome other than the anatomical aspect of bariatric surgery.

Keywords: adjustable gastric band complications; bariatric surgery complications; bariatric surgery/therapeutic use; endoscopic management of obesity; gastric bypass surgery; gastrointestinal microbiome; gut microbiome; gut microbiome (metagenomics) and metabolomics aspects of diabetes; laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass; upper gastrointestinal surgery.