Sex-Related Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation

Abstract

Objectives: The authors sought to assess sex-based differences in characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TMVR) for secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR).

Background: Subgroup analysis from the COAPT (Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation) trial indicated potential sex-related differences in outcomes after TMVR. The impact of sex on results after TMVR in a real-world setting is unknown.

Methods: The authors assessed clinical outcomes and echocardiographic parameters in women and men undergoing TMVR for SMR between 2008 and 2018 who were included in the large, international, multicenter real-world EuroSMR registry (European Registry of Transcatheter Repair for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation).

Results: A total of 1,233 patients, including 445 women (36%) and 788 men (64%), were analyzed. Although women were significantly older and had fewer comorbidities than men, TMVR was equally effective in women and men (mitral regurgitation [MR] grade ≤2+ at discharge: 93.2% vs. 94.6% for women vs. men; p = 0.35). All-cause mortality at 1 year (17.9% vs. 18.9%, adjusted hazard ratio: 0.806; p = 0.46) and at 2-year follow-up (26.5% vs. 26.4%, adjusted hazard ratio: 0.757; p = 0.26) were similar in women versus men after multivariate regression analysis. Durability of MR reduction, improvement in symptoms, quality of life, and functional capacity did also not differ during follow-up.

Conclusions: Results from the EuroSMR registry confirmed effective and similar MR reduction with TMVR in women and men. There were no sex-related differences in clinical outcomes up to 2 years of follow-up.

Keywords: MitraClip; heart failure; secondary mitral regurgitation; sex; transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair.