Cholecystocolonic fistula as an uncommon cause of diarrhea: a case-report and review of the literature

Clin J Gastroenterol. 2021 Aug;14(4):1147-1151. doi: 10.1007/s12328-021-01413-7. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Abstract

Bilio-enteric fistulization is the aberrant connection between the biliary and luminal digestive tracts. The cholecystocolonic fistula (CCF) is the second most common bilio-enteric fistula (comprising 20% of cases), after the cholocystoduodenal fistula (comprising 70% of all cases). A CCF may result from malignancy or more benign etiologies, such as gallstones, and is thought to arise from a chronic inflammatory cadence of tissue necrosis, tissue perforation, and fistula creation. The combination of chronic watery diarrhea, vitamin K malabsorption, and radiological evidence of pneumobilia in a patient with history of gallstone disease has been suggested as a pathognomonic triad of CCF. Here, we present a case of a 62-year-old woman exhibiting this triad, who was found to have a CCF as a result of chronic gallstone-related disease. Recognition of this rare etiology of chronic diarrhea can enhance clinicians' diagnostic appraisal and management of this common chief complaint.

Keywords: Bile acids; Cholecystectomy; Cholecystitis; Cholecystocolonic fistula; Diarrhea.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Diarrhea / etiology
  • Female
  • Gallstones* / complications
  • Gallstones* / diagnostic imaging
  • Humans
  • Intestinal Fistula* / complications
  • Intestinal Fistula* / diagnostic imaging
  • Middle Aged
  • Radiography