Thinking outside "The Box": Case-based didactics for medical education and the instructional legacy of Dr John M. Graham, Jr

Pedro A Sanchez-Lara; Katheryn Grand; Maria K Haanpää; Cynthia J Curry; Raymond Wang; Fatih Ezgü; Catherine M Rose; Deepika D'Cunha Burkardt; Robert L Conway; Anju Relan; John C Carey

doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.62202

Thinking outside "The Box": Case-based didactics for medical education and the instructional legacy of Dr John M. Graham, Jr

Am J Med Genet A. 2021 Sep;185(9):2636-2645. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62202. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Authors

Pedro A Sanchez-Lara^{1

2}, Katheryn Grand¹, Maria K Haanpää^{3

4}, Cynthia J Curry⁵, Raymond Wang^{6

7}, Fatih Ezgü⁸, Catherine M Rose⁹, Deepika D'Cunha Burkardt¹⁰, Robert L Conway¹¹, Anju Relan², John C Carey¹²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
² Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
³ Department of Genomics and Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
⁴ Department of Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
⁵ Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Fresno, California, USA.
⁶ Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, California, USA.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA.
⁸ Faculty of Medicine, Department and Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
⁹ Victorian Clinical Genetic Service, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁰ Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
¹¹ Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Spectrum Health/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.
¹² Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical genetics, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

PMID: 33913595
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62202

Abstract

The increasing demand for advanced genomic services has finally come to the attention of healthcare systems and stakeholders who are now eager to find creative solutions to increase the pool of genomic literate providers. Training in genetics and dysmorphology has historically been conducted as a self-driven practice in pattern recognition, ideally within a formal or informal apprenticeship supervised by a master diagnostician. In recent times, case-based learning, framed by flipped classroom pedagogy have become the preferred teaching methods for complex medical topics such as genetics and genomics. To illuminate this perspective, our article was written in honor of the teaching style and pedagogy of Dr John M. Graham Jr and his lifelong commitment to medical education and mentoring.

Keywords: case-based learning; dysmorphology; flipped classroom; medical education; socratic questioning; syndromology.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Curriculum / trends*
Education, Medical / trends*
Genetics, Medical / education*
Humans
Teaching / trends*