Congenital Symmastia: A Comprehensive Review and Proposed Treatment Algorithm

Abstract

Congenital symmastia is a relatively uncommon condition and poorly described in the literature. Although numerous studies have evaluated iatrogenic symmastia including its prevention and treatment, considerably less has been studied with regard to congenital symmastia. In this review, the authors seek to consolidate the literature published thus far and provide techniques and principles of management that may guide surgeons treating patients with this condition.