Introduction: Urinary stomas represent a worldwide medical and social problem. Data from literature about stoma management are extensive, but inhomogeneous. No guidelines exist about this topic. Therefore, clear, and comprehensive clinical guidelines based on evidence-based data and best practice are needed. The aim of this article was to elaborate guidelines for practice management of urinary stomas in adults.
Evidence acquisition: Experts guided review of the literature was performed in PubMed, National Guideline Clearing-house and other databases (updated March 31, 2018). The research included guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomized clinical trials, cohort studies and case reports. Five main topics were identified: "stoma preparation," "stoma creation," "stoma complications," "stoma care" and "stoma reversal." The systematic review was performed for each topic and studies were evaluated according to the GRADE system, AGREE II tool. Recommendations were elaborated in the form of statements with an established grade of recommendation for each statement. For low level of scientific evidence statements a consensus conference composed by expert members of the major Italian scientific societies in the field of stoma management and care was performed.
Evidence synthesis: After discussing, correcting, validating, or eliminating the statements by the experts, the final version of the guidelines with definitive recommendations was elaborated and prepared for publication. This manuscript is focused on statements about surgical management of urinary stomas. These guidelines include recommendations for adult patients only, articles published in English or Italian and with complete text available.
Conclusions: These guidelines represent the first Italian guidelines about urinary stoma multidisciplinary management with the aim to assist urologists and stoma specialized nurses during the urinary stoma management and care.