Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of arthroscopy combined with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in the treatment of knee medial compartment osteoarthritis and its influence on cartilage injury.
Methods: The clinical data of 57 patients with knee medial compartment osteoarthritis treated with arthroscopy combined with HTO between March 2017 and March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 27 males and 30 females with an average age of 52.4 years (range, 44-57 years). The disease duration ranged from 3 to 6 years, with an average of 3.6 years. Twenty-one cases were grade Ⅰ and 36 cases were grade Ⅱ according to Kellgren-Lawrence classification. Flexion contracture of knee joint ranged from 0° to 8° with an average of 1.36° and varus deformity ranged from 5° to 10° with an average of 7.60°. Preoperative arthroscopic evaluation showed that there were 11 cases with grade Ⅰ, 42 cases with gradeⅡ, and 4 cases with grade Ⅲ according to the international cartilage repair classification system (ICRS). Lysholm score, American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score were used to evaluate knee function before operation, at 3 months, at 1 year after operation, and at last follow-up. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to evaluate pain. The mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) and femoral tibial angle (FTA) were measured before operation and at last follow-up. When the internal fixator was removed, the knee arthroscopy was performed again to explore the cartilage repair condition, and the regeneration level and maturity level were selected for cartilage grading evaluation.
Results: All patients' incisions healed by first intention after operation, and no incision infection or skin necrosis occurred. After operation, the knee joint function of the patients was significantly improved, the pain symptoms were relieved, and the force line measurement reached the target set before operation. The VAS score, Lysholm score, HSS score, and IKDC score were significantly improved at 3 months, 1 year after operation, and at last follow-up when compared with those before operation. They were gradually improved with the time and there were significant differences between time points ( P<0.05). mMPTA and FTA were significantly improved at last follow-up when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). When the internal fixator was removed, the arthroscopic re-assessment found that the cartilage regeneration was classified into 10 cases of grade Ⅰ and 47 cases of grade Ⅱ; 18 cases of immature cartilage regeneration and 29 cases of mature cartilage regeneration were found in the knee joints of grade Ⅱ cartilage regeneration. There was no significant difference in the cartilage regeneration grade between different ICRS gradings ( H=0.176, P=0.916), and the difference in maturity grading was significant ( H=10.500, P=0.005).
Conclusion: Arthroscopy combined with HTO for the treatment of knee medial compartment osteoarthritis can effectively improve the symptoms and function of the knee joint, and can promote the regeneration of articular cartilage.
目的: 探讨关节镜结合胫骨高位截骨术（high tibial osteotomy，HTO）治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效和对软骨损伤的影响。.
方法: 回顾性分析 2017 年 3 月—2019 年 3 月行关节镜结合 HTO 治疗的 57 例膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎患者临床资料。男 27 例，女 30 例；年龄 44～57 岁，平均 52.4 岁。病程 3～6 年，平均 3.6 年。Kellgren-Lawrence 分级：Ⅰ级 21 例，Ⅱ级 36 例。膝关节屈曲挛缩畸形 0°～8°，平均 1.36°；内翻畸形 5°～10°，平均 7.60°。术前关节镜评估软骨损伤国际软骨修复分级系统（ICRS）分级为Ⅰ级 11 例，Ⅱ级 42 例，Ⅲ级 4 例。术前及术后 3 个月、1 年和末次随访时，采用 Lysholm 评分、美国特种外科医院（HSS）评分和国际膝关节文献委员会（IKDC）评分评估膝关节功能，采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）进行疼痛评估。术前及末次随访时测量胫骨近端内侧机械角（mechanical medial proximal tibial angle，mMPTA）及胫股角（femoral tibial angle，FTA）。内固定物取出时再次行膝关节镜探查软骨修复情况，选取再生等级和成熟等级进行软骨分级评价。.
结果: 所有患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合，无切口感染及皮肤坏死等并发症发生。术后患者膝关节功能均明显改善，疼痛症状缓解，力线矫正达术前设定目标。术后 3 个月、1 年及末次随访时患者 VAS 评分、Lysholm 评分、HSS 评分及 IKDC 评分均较术前显著改善，术后随时间延长均逐渐改善，各时间点间差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05）；末次随访时 mMPTA 和 FTA 均较术前显著改善（ P<0.05）。内固定物取出时关节镜下再次评估，软骨再生分级为Ⅰ级 10 例、Ⅱ级 47 例；在Ⅱ级软骨再生膝关节中非成熟软骨再生 18 例、成熟软骨再生 29 例。各 ICRS 分级的软骨再生等级比较差异无统计学意义（ H=0.176， P=0.916），软骨成熟等级差异有统计学意义（ H=10.500， P=0.005）。.
结论: 关节镜结合 HTO 治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎可有效改善膝关节症状及功能，并能一定程度促进关节软骨再生。.
Keywords: Arthroscopy; fibrocartilage; high tibial osteotomy; medial compartment osteoarthritis.