Low serum albumin levels and in-hospital outcomes in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Sep 22;31(10):2904-2911. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.06.003. Epub 2021 Jun 21.

Abstract

Background and aims: Low serum albumin (SA) is associated with an increased risk of long-term adverse events (AEs) among patients with chronic coronary syndromes. Its prognostic role in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is less clear. To investigate the association between low SA and in-hospital AEs in STEMI patients.

Methods and results: Multicenter retrospective cohort study of 220 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention within 12 h from the onset of symptoms. Hypoalbuminemia was defined by serum SA <35 g/L. SA. In-hospital AEs were defined as cardiogenic shock, resuscitated cardiac arrest and death. Median SA was 38 (IQR 35.4-41.0) g/L and 37 (16.8%) patients showed hypoalbuminemia (<35 g/L) on admission. Patients with hypoalbuminemia were older, more frequently women and diabetics, prior CAD and HF. Furthermore, they showed lower hemoglobin levels and impaired renal function. At multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes (odds ratio [OR]:4.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71-12.28, p = 0.002) and haemoglobin (OR:0.52, 95%CI 0.37-0.72, p < 0.001) were associated with low SA. In a subgroup of 132 patients, SA inversely correlated with D-Dimer (rS -0.308, p < 0.001). Globally, twenty-eight (14.6%) AEs were recorded. Hypoalbuminemia (OR:3.43, 95%CI 1.30-9.07, p = 0.013), high-sensitive (HS)-Troponin peak above median (OR:5.41, 95%CI 1.99-14.7, p = 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) peak above median (OR:6.03, 95%CI 2.02-18.00, p = 0.001), and in-hospital infection (OR:3.61, 95%CI 1.21-10.80, p = 0.022) were associated with AEs.

Conclusion: Low SA levels are associated with worse in-hospital AEs in STEMI patients, irrespective of HS-troponin and CRP plasma levels. Our findings suggest that low SA may contribute to the pro-thrombotic phenotype of these patients.

Keywords: Cardiogenic shock; Hypoalbuminemia; Mortality; STEMI.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Female
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / analysis
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Hypoalbuminemia / blood*
  • Hypoalbuminemia / complications
  • Hypoalbuminemia / diagnosis
  • Hypoalbuminemia / mortality
  • Italy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / adverse effects*
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / mortality
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / complications
  • ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / diagnostic imaging
  • ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / mortality
  • ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / therapy*
  • Serum Albumin, Human / analysis*
  • Thrombosis / blood
  • Thrombosis / diagnosis
  • Thrombosis / etiology*
  • Thrombosis / mortality
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • ALB protein, human
  • Biomarkers
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products
  • fibrin fragment D
  • Serum Albumin, Human