The Mechanisms of Sevoflurane-Induced Neuroinflammation

Xiangfei Huang; Jun Ying; Danying Yang; Pu Fang; Xifeng Wang; Bin Zhou; Lieliang Zhang; Yang Fang; Wen Yu; Xing Liu; Qingcui Zhen; Fuzhou Hua

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.717745

The Mechanisms of Sevoflurane-Induced Neuroinflammation

Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 Aug 5:13:717745. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.717745. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Xiangfei Huang^{1

2}, Jun Ying^{1

2}, Danying Yang^{1

2}, Pu Fang³, Xifeng Wang⁴, Bin Zhou^{1

2}, Lieliang Zhang^{1

2}, Yang Fang^{1

2}, Wen Yu^{1

2}, Xing Liu^{1

2}, Qingcui Zhen^{1

2}, Fuzhou Hua^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
² Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.
³ Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.

Abstract

Sevoflurane is one of the most commonly used inhaled anesthetics due to its low blood gas coefficient, fast onset, low airway irritation, and aromatic smell. However, recent studies have reported that sevoflurane exposure may have deleterious effects on cognitive function. Although neuroinflammation was most widely mentioned among the established mechanisms of sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction, its upstream mechanisms have yet to be illustrated. Thus, we reviewed the relevant literature and discussed the most mentioned mechanisms, including the modulation of the microglial function, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, changes in gut microbiota, and ease of cholinergic neurotransmission to help us understand the properties of sevoflurane, providing us new perspectives for the prevention of sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.

Keywords: blood–brain barrier; cholinergic neurotransmission; gut microbiota; microglia; neuroinflammation; sevoflurane.

Publication types

Review