COVID-19: a fatal case of acute liver failure associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pre-existing liver cirrhosis

BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 3;21(1):901. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06605-7.

Abstract

Background: The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is challenging, particularly in post-mortem human tissues. However, there is increasing evidence for viral SARS-CoV-2 manifestation in non-respiratory tissues. In this context, it is a current matter of debate, whether SARS-CoV-2 shows hepatotropism.

Case presentation: Here, we report a case of an 88-year-old women with massive SARS-CoV-2 viremia, severe jaundice and clinical signs of an acute hepatitis, who died within a few days from an acute liver failure without showing any clinical signs of pneumonia. Autopsy revealed a severe chronic and acute liver damage with bile duct infestation by SARS-CoV-2 that was accompanied by higher expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), Cathepsin L and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2).

Conclusion: Our findings indicate an enhanced biliary susceptibility to viral infection with SARS-CoV-2, that might have resulted from pre-existing severe liver damage. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated liver failure in the clinical setting of an inexplicable jaundice.

Keywords: Bile duct; COVID-19; Case report; Hepatitis; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Aged, 80 and over
  • COVID-19*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Liver Cirrhosis / complications
  • Liver Failure, Acute* / etiology
  • Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
  • SARS-CoV-2

Substances

  • Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A