SARS-COV-2 vaccination with BNT162B2 in renal transplant patients: Risk factors for impaired response and immunological implications

Clin Transplant. 2022 Jan;36(1):e14495. doi: 10.1111/ctr.14495. Epub 2021 Oct 28.

Abstract

Solid organ transplant patients are at a higher risk for poor CoronaVirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related outcomes and have been included as a priority group in the vaccination strategy worldwide. We assessed the safety and efficacy of a two-dose vaccination cycle with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) among 82 kidney transplant outpatients followed in our center in Rome, Italy. After a median of 43 post-vaccine days, a SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike seroprevalence of 52.4% (n = 43/82) was observed. No impact of the vaccination on antibody-mediated rejection or graft function was observed, and no significant safety concerns were reported. Moreover, no de novo HLA-donor-specific antibodies (DSA) were detected during the follow-up period. Only one patient with pre-vaccination HLA-DSA did not experience an increased intensity of the existing HLA-DSA. During the follow-up, only one infection (mild COVID-19) was observed in a patient after receiving the first vaccine dose. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, lack of seroconversion after two-dose vaccination independently associated with patient age ≥60 years (OR = 4.50; P = .02) and use of anti-metabolite as an immunosuppressant drug (OR = 5.26; P = .004). Among younger patients not taking anti-metabolites, the seroconversion rate was high (92.9%). Further larger studies are needed to assess the best COVID-19 vaccination strategy in transplanted patients.

Keywords: BNT162b2 vaccine; COVID-19; HLA-DSA; graft rejection; kidney transplantation; solid organ transplant patients.

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • BNT162 Vaccine
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • COVID-19*
  • Humans
  • Kidney Transplantation*
  • Middle Aged
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Vaccination

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • BNT162 Vaccine