Medical students' positive perception towards vaccination is strongly correlated to protective diphtheria antibody after Td vaccination

Emmy Hermiyanti Pranggono; Marita Restie Tiara; Tohari Catur Pamungkas; Esti Syafriati; Kuswandewi Mutyara; Rudi Wisaksana

doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100362

Medical students' positive perception towards vaccination is strongly correlated to protective diphtheria antibody after Td vaccination

Brain Behav Immun Health. 2021 Oct 5:18:100362. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100362. eCollection 2021 Dec.

Authors

Emmy Hermiyanti Pranggono¹, Marita Restie Tiara¹, Tohari Catur Pamungkas², Esti Syafriati³, Kuswandewi Mutyara⁴, Rudi Wisaksana¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Pasteur No. 38 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
² Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Eyckman No. 38 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Ihsan General Hospital, Jl. Kiastramanggala Bale Endah, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
⁴ Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Eyckman No. 38, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.

Abstract

Negative perception towards vaccination is one of the reasons for low coverage of diphtheria immunization in Indonesia. Perception, which is difficult to change, is related to stress level, possibly influences outcome of diseases, and also vaccination. This study aims to identify the correlation between perception of diphtheria vaccination and antibody response after vaccination. This study used secondary data from two unpublished studies on 30 medical interns in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, after diphtheria outbreak, from June to July 2019. Antibody level after diphtheria emergency vaccination was measured using ELISA and perception towards vaccination was measured using a questionnaire. Perception towards vaccination was expressed as perception score and was divided into 4 components: perceived threat, benefit, barrier, and cues to action. Higher perception score indicated more positive perception towards vaccination. Diphtheria antibody level was grouped into reliable protection (≥0,10 IU/mL) or unreliable protection (<0,10 IU/mL). Statistical correlation analysis was done with GraphPad Prism version 7.0. Most of our subjects were female. Median age was 22 (20-24) years old. Median time elapsed between vaccination date and measurement of antibody level was 18 (6-18) months. Median antibody level was 0,28 (0,09-3,47) IU/mL. Twenty-three subjects (82,1%) had reliable protection. Subjects with reliable protection had more positive perception compared to unreliable protection (perception score 80,6 ± 5,4 vs 69,0 ± 1,8, p = 0,0001). Subjects with reliable protection had less perceived barrier for vaccination (15,6 ± 2,1 vs 13,0 ± 1,8, p = 0,0083). Perception score showed strong, positive correlation to reliable protection against diphtheria (R = 0,705, p < 0,001). Perceived barrier and threat showed positive correlation to reliable protection (R = 0,489, p = 0,008 and R = 0,402, p = 0,034). In conclusion, perception towards diphtheria vaccination is strongly correlated to protective antibody. Improving perception of vaccination are needed to overcome vaccine hesitancy.

Keywords: Antibody; Diphtheria; Medical students; Perception; Psychoneuroimmunology; Stress; Vaccination; Vaccine hesitancy.