COVID-19 vaccinations: The unknowns, challenges, and hopes

J Med Virol. 2022 Apr;94(4):1336-1349. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27487. Epub 2021 Dec 10.

Abstract

The entire world has been suffering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since March 11, 2020. More than a year later, the COVID-19 vaccination brought hope to control this viral pandemic. Here, we review the unknowns of the COVID-19 vaccination, such as its longevity, asymptomatic spread, long-term side effects, and its efficacy on immunocompromised patients. In addition, we discuss challenges associated with the COVID-19 vaccination, such as the global access and distribution of vaccine doses, adherence to hygiene guidelines after vaccination, the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, and vaccine resistance. Despite all these challenges and the fact that the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is still unclear, vaccines have brought great hope for the world, with several reports indicating a significant decline in the risk of COVID19-related infection and hospitalizations.

Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccination; SARS-CoV-2; global assessment; global challenges; herd immunity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19 / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / immunology
  • COVID-19 / prevention & control*
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • COVID-19 Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • COVID-19 Vaccines / adverse effects
  • COVID-19 Vaccines / immunology
  • COVID-19 Vaccines / supply & distribution
  • Global Health
  • Humans
  • Immunocompromised Host
  • Mutation
  • SARS-CoV-2 / genetics
  • SARS-CoV-2 / immunology*
  • Vaccination Hesitancy
  • Vaccination* / adverse effects
  • Vaccination* / psychology
  • Vaccine Efficacy

Substances

  • COVID-19 Vaccines