Surgical Wound Dehiscence in Kidney Transplantation: Risk Factors and Impact on Graft Survival

Transplant Proc. 2022 Jan-Feb;54(1):27-31. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.09.066. Epub 2021 Dec 5.

Abstract

Background: Surgical wound dehiscence (SWD) is a frequent complication after kidney transplantation (KT) but there is not enough evidence of its impact on graft survival.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study including all KT patients with SWD in our center from January 2015 to July 2020 was performed. A case-control study was performed and for each case of SWD, 2 controls were selected (2:1). To identify risk factors for SWD, a logistic regression analysis was carried out and a multivariable Cox regression was used to describe risk factors for graft survival.

Results: In our center, 503 KT were performed, and 39 patients presented SWD. They were older (62.1 vs 57.1 years; P = .030), most had diabetes mellitus (59% vs 28.6%; P = .002) and their body mass index was higher (31 vs 26.9 kg/m2; P < .001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes mellitus (P = .024) and a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 at time of transplantation (P = .018) were predictors of SWD. A higher rate of delayed graft function was described in SWD (P = .013) and it was associated with a longer hospital stay (20.9 vs 15 days; P = .004). Graft survival was lower in patients with SWD (P = .036). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, time in renal replacement therapy (P = .020) and SWD (P = .028) were predictors of shorter graft survival.

Conclusion: SWD is a risk factor for graft survival. The presence of diabetes mellitus and a higher body mass index are predictors for the appearance of this complication.

MeSH terms

  • Case-Control Studies
  • Graft Survival*
  • Humans
  • Kidney Transplantation* / adverse effects
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Surgical Wound Dehiscence / epidemiology
  • Surgical Wound Dehiscence / etiology