A randomized clinical trial to investigate the effect of dietary protein sources on periodontal health

Joerg Eberhard; Kate Ruiz; Jian Tan; Thilini N Jayasinghe; Shahrukh Khan; Elif Eroglu; Christina Adler; Stephen J Simpson; David G Le Couteur; David Raubenheimer; Laurence Macia; Alison K Gosby; Rosilene V Ribeiro

doi:10.1111/jcpe.13587

A randomized clinical trial to investigate the effect of dietary protein sources on periodontal health

J Clin Periodontol. 2022 Apr;49(4):388-400. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13587. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

Authors

Joerg Eberhard^{1

2}, Kate Ruiz², Jian Tan¹, Thilini N Jayasinghe^{1

2}, Shahrukh Khan¹, Elif Eroglu¹, Christina Adler^{1

3}, Stephen J Simpson¹, David G Le Couteur^{1

4

5}, David Raubenheimer^{1

6}, Laurence Macia¹, Alison K Gosby^{1

6

7}, Rosilene V Ribeiro^{1

4

6}

Affiliations

¹ Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
² The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
³ The University of Sydney School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁴ Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵ ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁶ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷ Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

PMID: 34935176
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13587

Abstract

Aim: The aim was to assess two macronutrient interventions in a 2 × 2 factorial dietary design to determine their effects on oral health.

Materials and methods: Participants (65-75 years old) with a body mass index between 20 and 35 kg/m² of a larger randomized control trial who consented to an oral health assessment were recruited. They had ad libitum access to one of four experimental diets (omnivorous higher fat or higher carbohydrate, semi-vegetarian higher fat or higher carbohydrate) for 4 weeks. The periodontal examination included periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing. Oral plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected before and after the intervention.

Results: Between baseline and follow up, the number of sites with a CAL <5 mm (mean difference [MD] -5.11 ± 9.68, p = .039) increased and the GCF amount (MD -23.42 ± 39.42 Periotron Units [PU], p = .050) decreased for the semi-vegetarian high-fat diet. For the mean proportion of sites with PPD reduction of >1 mm and CAL gain of >1 mm, significant differences were calculated between the diets investigated. The clinical parameters were not associated with changes in the oral microbiota.

Conclusions: The results of this study provided evidence that a semi-vegetarian high-fat diet provides benefits to clinical parameters of periodontal health. This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ACTRN12616001606471).

Keywords: dietary carbohydrates; dietary fats; periodontal health; plant proteins; randomized clinical trial.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Aged
Carbohydrates
Dietary Proteins
Gingival Crevicular Fluid*
Humans
Periodontal Attachment Loss
Periodontal Index

Substances

Carbohydrates
Dietary Proteins

Associated data

ANZCTR/ACTRN12616001606471