Endogenous Levels of Alpha-Synuclein Modulate Seeding and Aggregation in Cultured Cells

Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Feb;59(2):1273-1284. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02713-2. Epub 2022 Jan 4.

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein in intraneuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Multiple studies strongly implicate the levels of alpha-synuclein as a major risk factor for the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease. Alpha-synuclein pathology spreads progressively throughout interconnected brain regions but the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the seeding of alpha-synuclein aggregation are still unclear. Here, using stable cell lines expressing alpha-synuclein, we examined the correlation between endogenous alpha-synuclein levels and the seeding propensity by exogenous alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils. We applied biochemical approaches and imaging methods in stable cell lines expressing alpha-synuclein and in primary neurons to determine the impact of alpha-synuclein levels on seeding and aggregation. Our results indicate that the levels of alpha-synuclein define the pattern and severity of aggregation and the extent of p-alpha-synuclein deposition, likely explaining the selective vulnerability of different cell types in synucleinopathies. The elucidation of the cellular processes involved in the pathological aggregation of alpha-synuclein will enable the identification of novel targets and the development of therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies.

Keywords: Aggregation; LBs; PD; Phosphorylation; aSyn.

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Humans
  • Lewy Bodies / metabolism
  • Parkinson Disease* / pathology
  • alpha-Synuclein* / metabolism

Substances

  • alpha-Synuclein