Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Pediatric Version of Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale

Abstract

Context: Few instruments in Japanese assess health-related quality of life in pediatric cancer patients.

Objectives: To translate the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) into Japanese pediatric and proxy versions (MSAS-J 7-12, MSAS-J 13-18, and MSAS-J-Proxy) and assess validity and reliability.

Methods: Phase I comprised forward-backward translation and pilot testing in 13 children and 16 guardians. Phase II consisted of psychometric testing of the three MSAS-J versions in 162 children and 238 guardians. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct and known-group validity of the MSAS-J were assessed.

Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the total and subscale scores were over 0.70, excluding the psychological symptom (PSYCH) subscale score of the MSAS-J 7-12. Most MSAS-J scores significantly inversely correlated with two versions of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. A strong child-guardian correlation was shown in the total and subscale scores (ICC range 0.66-0.83). Kappa estimates showed acceptable child-guardian symptom agreement. MSAS-J 7-12 and proxy differentiated patients according to clinical status.

Conclusion: MSAS-J is a reliable and valid instrument to assess symptoms among Japanese children with cancer.

Keywords: Japanese pediatric version; Memorial symptom assessment scale; linguistic validation; reliability; validity.