Synergies of THESEUS with the large facilities of the 2030s and guest observer opportunities

P Rosati; S Basa; A W Blain; E Bozzo; M Branchesi; L Christensen; A Ferrara; A Gomboc; P T O'Brien; J P Osborne; A Rossi; F Schüssler; M Spurio; N Stergioulas; G Stratta; L Amati; S Casewell; R Ciolfi; G Ghirlanda; S Grimm; D Guetta; J Harms; E Le Floc'h; F Longo; M Maggiore; S Mereghetti; G Oganesyan; R Salvaterra; N R Tanvir; S Turriziani; S D Vergani; S Balman; J Caruana; M H Erkut; G Guidorzi; F Frontera; A Martin-Carrillo; S Paltani; D Porquet; O Sergijenko

doi:10.1007/s10686-021-09764-2

Synergies of THESEUS with the large facilities of the 2030s and guest observer opportunities

Exp Astron (Dordr). 2021;52(3):407-437. doi: 10.1007/s10686-021-09764-2. Epub 2021 Jul 7.

Authors

P Rosati¹, S Basa², A W Blain³, E Bozzo⁴, M Branchesi^{5

6}, L Christensen⁷, A Ferrara⁸, A Gomboc⁹, P T O'Brien³, J P Osborne³, A Rossi¹⁰, F Schüssler¹¹, M Spurio^{12

13}, N Stergioulas¹⁴, G Stratta¹⁰, L Amati¹⁰, S Casewell³, R Ciolfi¹⁵, G Ghirlanda¹⁶, S Grimm^{5

6}, D Guetta^{17

18}, J Harms^{5

6}, E Le Floc'h¹⁹, F Longo²⁰, M Maggiore²¹, S Mereghetti²², G Oganesyan^{5

6}, R Salvaterra²², N R Tanvir³, S Turriziani²³, S D Vergani²⁴, S Balman²⁵, J Caruana²⁶, M H Erkut²⁷, G Guidorzi¹, F Frontera¹, A Martin-Carrillo²⁸, S Paltani⁴, D Porquet², O Sergijenko^{29

30}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via G. Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
² Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France.
³ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK.
⁴ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
⁵ Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, AQ Italy.
⁶ INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy.
⁷ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
⁸ Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
⁹ Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
¹⁰ INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
¹¹ IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
¹² Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
¹³ INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹⁵ INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy.
¹⁶ INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, LC Italy.
¹⁷ ORT Braude, Karmiel, Israel.
¹⁸ Physics Department, University of Ariel, Ariel, West Bank, Israel.
¹⁹ AIM, CEA-Irfu/DAp, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
²⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
²¹ Départment de Physique Théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève, 24 quai Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
²² INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy.
²³ Physics Department, Gubkin Russian State University, 65 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation.
²⁴ GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France.
²⁵ Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Beyazit, 34119 Istanbul, Turkey.
²⁶ Department of Physics and Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080 Malta.
²⁷ Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Istanbul, Turkey.
²⁸ School of Physics and Centre for Space Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
²⁹ Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna str., 3, Kyiv, 04053 Ukraine.
³⁰ Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho str., 27, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine.

Abstract

The proposed THESEUS mission will vastly expand the capabilities to monitor the high-energy sky. It will specifically exploit large samples of gamma-ray bursts to probe the early universe back to the first generation of stars, and to advance multi-messenger astrophysics by detecting and localizing the counterparts of gravitational waves and cosmic neutrino sources. The combination and coordination of these activities with multi-wavelength, multi-messenger facilities expected to be operating in the 2030s will open new avenues of exploration in many areas of astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics, thus adding considerable strength to the overall scientific impact of THESEUS and these facilities. We discuss here a number of these powerful synergies and guest observer opportunities.

Keywords: Gamma-ray bursts; Gravitation wave sources; Multi-messenger astrophysics; Neutrino sources; X-ray sources.