KRAS as a Modulator of the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment: Therapeutic Implications

Cells. 2022 Jan 24;11(3):398. doi: 10.3390/cells11030398.

Abstract

KRAS mutations are one of the most frequent oncogenic mutations of all human cancers, being more prevalent in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. Intensive efforts have been encouraged in order to understand the effect of KRAS mutations, not only on tumor cells but also on the dynamic network composed by the tumor microenvironment (TME). The relevance of the TME in cancer biology has been increasing due to its impact on the modulation of cancer cell activities, which can dictate the success of tumor progression. Here, we aimed to clarify the pro- and anti-inflammatory role of KRAS mutations over the TME, detailing the context and the signaling pathways involved. In this review, we expect to open new avenues for investigating the potential of KRAS mutations on inflammatory TME modulation, opening a different vision of therapeutic combined approaches to overcome KRAS-associated therapy inefficacy and resistance in cancer.

Keywords: KRAS mutations; colorectal cancer; inflammation; lung cancer; pancreatic cancer; therapy; tumor microenvironment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)* / genetics
  • Signal Transduction
  • Tumor Microenvironment / genetics

Substances

  • KRAS protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)