Anaphylactic Rare Saponins Separated from Panax notoginseng Saponin and a Proteomic Approach to Their Anaphylactic Mechanism

Feiran Hao; Xu Pang; Kaikun Xu; Meixi Wang; Zengchun Ma; Hongling Tan; Lifeng Han; Cheng Chang; Ming Chen; Zhanwen Huang; Yue Gao

doi:10.1155/2022/7565177

Anaphylactic Rare Saponins Separated from Panax notoginseng Saponin and a Proteomic Approach to Their Anaphylactic Mechanism

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 11:2022:7565177. doi: 10.1155/2022/7565177. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Feiran Hao¹, Xu Pang¹, Kaikun Xu², Meixi Wang³, Zengchun Ma¹, Hongling Tan¹, Lifeng Han⁴, Cheng Chang², Ming Chen⁵, Zhanwen Huang⁵, Yue Gao¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing 102206, China.
³ Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
⁵ Guangxi Zhongheng Innovative Pharmaceutical Research Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China.

Abstract

In recent years, many traditional Chinese medicine injections based on Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) have been reported to cause anaphylaxis. Previous studies on the anaphylactic saponins of PNS and their mechanism are inadequate. In this study, potential anaphylactic saponins were obtained by the separation of PNS and preparation of each individual component through comprehensive techniques, such as liquid chromatography, preparative chromatography, HPLC, NMR, and MS. The anaphylactic abilities of these saponins were tested using RBL-2H3 cells via a β-hexosaminidase release rate test. The results for the mechanism of anaphylaxis were obtained by a proteomic analysis using RBL-2H3 cells. The results indicate that, among all the saponins prepared, gypenoside LXXV and notoginsenoside T5 showed strong anaphylactic abilities and notoginsenoside ST-4 and ginsenoside Rk3 showed weak anaphylactic abilities. These 4 saponins can induce anaphylaxis via direct stimulation of effector cells. The gene oncology enrichment analysis results showed that, among these saponins, only gypenoside LXXV was related to organelles of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and biological processes in response to organic cyclic compounds. Four proteins in RBL-2H3 cells with the accession numbers A0A0G2JWQ0, D3ZL85, D4A5G8, and Q8K3F0 were identified as crucial proteins in the anaphylactic process. This research will help traditional Chinese medicine injection manufacturers strengthen their quality control and ensure the safety of anaphylactic saponins.