Biological Biomarkers in Respiratory Diseases

Abstract

In recent years, personalized or precision medicine has made effective inroads into the management of diseases, including respiratory diseases. The route to implementing this approach must invariably start with the identification and validation of biological biomarkers that are closely related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of respiratory patients. In this respect, biological biomarkers of greater or lesser reliability have been identified for most respiratory diseases and disease classes, and a large number of studies are being conducted in the search for new indicators. The aim of this review is to update the reader and to analyze the existing scientific literature on the existence and diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic validity of the most important biological biomarkers in the main respiratory diseases, and to identify future challenges in this area.

Keywords: Apnea del sueño; Asma; Asthma; Biomarcadores; Biomarkers; Bronchiectasis; Bronquiectasias; COPD; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cystic fibrosis; Cáncer de pulmón; Derrame pleural; EPOC; Embolia pulmonar; Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica; Fibrosis pulmonar idiopática; Fibrosis quística; Hipertensión arterial pulmonar; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Lung cancer; Neumonía; Pleural effusion; Pneumonia; Pulmonary arterial hypertension; Pulmonary embolism; Respiratory disorders; Sleep apnea; Systemic disorders; Trastornos respiratorios; Trastornos sistémicos.