Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults Aged 18 to 34 Years and Long-Term Pericardial Adipose Tissue (from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study)

Abstract

Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), an ectopic adipose depot surrounding the coronary arteries, is a pathogenic risk marker for cardiometabolic disease; however, the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and PAT is unclear. Young adults (n = 2,614, mean age 25.1 years, 55.8% women, and 43.8% Black at baseline [1985 to 1986]) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study were included. Maximal CRF was estimated at baseline, examination year 7 (1992 to 1993) and year 20 (2005 to 2006), using a symptom-limited maximal treadmill exercise test (duration in minutes) among those achieving ≥85% of age-predicted maximal heart rate. PAT volume (ml) was quantified at examination year 15 (2000 to 2001) and year 25 (2010 to 2011) using computed tomography. Multivariable linear and linear mixed regressions with covariates (sociodemographics, cardiovascular disease risk factors, inflammation, waist circumference) from baseline, year 7, and/or year 20 were used. Separate multivariable regression models revealed inverse associations of CRF at baseline, year 7, or year 20 with PAT at year 25 in fully adjusted models (all p <0.001). The linear mixed model showed that a 1-minute increase in treadmill exercise test duration over 20 years was associated with 1.49 ml lower subsequent PAT volume (p <0.001). In conclusion, findings suggest that higher CRF is inversely associated with subsequent PAT volume. Strategies to optimize CRF may be preventive against excessive PAT accumulation with age.