Synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of octenylsuccinated kappa-carrageenan: Conventional versus microwave heating

Selma Toumi; Madiha Melha Yahoum; Sonia Lefnaoui; Abdelkader Hadjsadok

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119310

Synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of octenylsuccinated kappa-carrageenan: Conventional versus microwave heating

Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Jun 15:286:119310. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119310. Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Authors

Selma Toumi¹, Madiha Melha Yahoum², Sonia Lefnaoui¹, Abdelkader Hadjsadok³

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of experimental Biology and Pharmacology, University of Medea, Nouveau pole urbain, Medea University, 26000 Medea, Algeria; Faculty of Sciences, University of Medea, Nouveau pole urbain, Medea University, 26000 Medea, Algeria.
² Faculty of Sciences, University of Medea, Nouveau pole urbain, Medea University, 26000 Medea, Algeria; Materials and Environmental Laboratory (LME), University of Medea, Nouveau pole urbain, Medea University, 26000 Medea, Algeria. Electronic address: madinayahoum@gmail.com.
³ Functional Analysis of Chemical Processes Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Saad Dahlab University, BP 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria.

PMID: 35337517
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119310

Abstract

This research reported on the synthesis and the evaluation of new octenyl succinate (OS) kappa-carrageenan (KC) esterified derivatives (KC-OS). Two derivatives were synthesized using microwave (KC-OSMM) and conventional heating (KC-OSCM). The FT-IR and ¹H NMR demonstrated the KC-OS esters formation with a higher degree of substitution for KC-OSMM (0.85) than KC-OSCM (0.62). The SEM testing showed the non-deteriorated morphology of KC after modification. The amphiphilic properties and surface activity of KC-OSs investigated by the conductivity method confirmed the formation of self-assembled aggregates beyond a critical aggregation concentration of 0.08% for KC-OSMM and 0.12% for KC-OSCM. Stable oil-in-water emulsions were formulated based on KC-OSs at the concentrations of 0.75% and 1%. Lower globule sizes were observed for KC-OSMM emulsions at 0.75% (12.30 μm) and 1% (08.86 μm), compared to KC-OSCM at 0.75% (32.75 μm) and 1% (19.6 μm). All results demonstrated that microwave synthesis resulted in obtaining novel derivatives with superior properties.

Keywords: Emulsion stabilization; Esterification reaction; Kappa-carrageenan; Octenyl succinic anhydride.